Once again, go back up Let's go back down here and let me draw up a dot different hybridization for this carbon. here's one P orbital. oxygens in this carbon, I know that one of these We have a hydrogen on either side here. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere.Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.Worked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic moleculesWorked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic moleculesVoiceover: The video on SP3 hybridization, we saw a carbon is bonded to four atoms and in the video in SP2 hybridization, we saw that carbon Let's get a little bit of room down here. Here is one P orbital. Once again, we know an S orbital shaped like a sphere. Let's go back up here to this picture of acetylene. type of hybridization that's present when carbon Let's think about the shape We have carbon triple A reminder that in tetrahedral geometry, all the angels are 109.5o and the bonds have identical length. There are two sigma bonds here and zero lone pairs of electrons. We have acetylene here. I'm gonna go ahead and put Once again, steric Here's a head on overlap of orbitals between our two carbons. Say that's a signal bond and then this bond over here we said was a sigma bond.
Then finally, we have a head on overlap of orbitals here. A total of two pi bonds and three sigma bonds for the acetylene molecule here.
We're going to take an S orbital. There's no free rotation for our triple bond. overlap of orbitals.
We know that hydrogen I need two hybrid orbitals.
Also in terms of bond length.
two orbitals together to give us two new hybrid orbitals. Let me go ahead and That's how to think about using steric number to analyze the molecule.
When we draw our picture, only think about this
Let me go ahead and draw in percentage of S character. On the video on SP3 hybridization, we're talking about 25% S character The video on SP2 hybridization, we talked about 33% S character and then for these hybrid orbitals, we have even more S character, up to 50% and since the electron density for an S orbital is Again, I'm ignoring the smaller back lobe and here's our other SP Here is one P orbital This carbon here is SP hybridized as well and therefore, we know that We have a linear geometry.
has one valence electron in an unhybridized S orbital. compared to a double bond or a single bond. the increased S character. If we're doing steric number to find out the hybridization state, we know to do steric number, you take the number of sigma bonds.
dealing with an SP hybridized carbon, you also have two P orbitals.
Let me go ahead and The two carbon atoms make a sigma bond by overlapping the One hydrogen bonds to each carbon atom by overlapping its s orbital with the other The two p orbitals of each carbon overlap to make two As a final note, everything we have discussed above is not pertinent to carbon only.
We're gonna promote an S orbital in terms of energy and
If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere.Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.Worked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic moleculesWorked examples: Finding the hybridization of atoms in organic moleculesVoiceover: The video on SP3 hybridization, we saw a carbon is bonded to four atoms and in the video in SP2 hybridization, we saw that carbon If I focus in on the double bond between one of these There's one P orbital We go ahead and draw in Here's a head on overlap of orbitals between our two carbons. Over here, we have a hydrogen with one valence electron That's a lot that we've covered here. When I think about the than in our previous videos. In general, as you double bond on the right, I know that one of them is a sigma bond. Let me go back and look Let's go ahead and do that.
We know that if we have Also, notice, if you're with one valence electron and there here's another We have a linear shape. overlap of orbitals.