According to the 2011 census, Romania's population is 20,121,641. In English, the name of the country was formerly spelt Greek colonies established on the Black Sea coast in the 7th century BC became important centres of commerce with the local tribes.The Romans reached Dacia during Burebista's reign and conquered Dobruja in 46 AD.The Goths were expanding towards the Lower Danube from the 230s, forcing the native peoples to flee to the Roman Empire or to accept their Exposed to nomadic incursions, Transylvania developed into an important border province of the The Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, and the Ottomans occupied parts of Banat and Crișana in 1541.The princes of Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia joined the A census revealed that the Romanians were more numerous than any other ethnic group in Transylvania in 1733, but legislation continued to use contemptuous adjectives (such as "tolerated" and "admitted") when referring to them.The Transylvanian Romanians and Saxons wanted to maintain the separate status of Transylvania in the Habsburg Monarchy, but the Fearing Russian expansionism, Romania secretly joined the Austria-Hungary quickly disintegrated after the war.Agriculture remained the principal sector of economy, but several branches of industry—especially the production of coal, oil, metals, synthetic rubber, explosives and cosmetics—developed during the As Romania's foreign debt increased sharply between 1977 and 1981 (from US$3 billion to $10 billion),The subsequent disintegration of the Front produced several political parties, including most notably the The post–1989 period is also characterised by the fact that most of the former industrial and economic enterprises which were built and operated during the Communist period were closed, mainly as a result of the policies of privatization of the post–1989 regimes.Nevertheless, there have been efforts to tackle corruption. Due to their large population, phone numbers have only the suffix "1" (unlike two-digit suffixes for counties) followed by seven digits (only six digits for anywhere else). Foreign citizens and stateless persons who live in Romania have access to justice and education in their own language.Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, the Romanian educational system has been in a continuous process of reform that has received mixed criticism.Romania ranks fifth in the all-time medal count at the The topic of the origin of Romanian culture began to be discussed by the end of the 18th century among the In the 20th century, a number of Romanian artists and writers achieved international acclaim, including: Prominent Romanian painters include: Nicolae Grigorescu, There are 12 non-working public holidays, including the Pork, chicken, and beef are the preferred types of meat, but lamb and fish are also quite popular.Almost a quarter of all the medals and 25 of the gold ones were won in Iconic athletes in the history of Romanian sports (clockwise from top left): Giurescu, "'Alegeri' după model sovietic", p.17 (citing Berry), 18 (citing Berry and note); Macuc, p.40; Tismăneanu, p.113Consiliul National pentru Studierea Ahivelor Securității, [Champions League: Once feared across Europe, Chelsea opponents Steaua Bucharest went the way of the Wall] From 2000 onward, however, the Romanian economy was transformed into one of relative Industrial output growth reached 6.5% year-on-year in February 2013, the highest in the Europe.After a series of privatizations and reforms in the late 1990s and 2000s, government intervention in the Romanian economy is somewhat less than in other European economies.Romania has attracted increasing amounts of foreign investment following the end of Communism, with the stock of According to a 2019 World Bank report, Romania ranks 52nd out of 190 economies in the ease of doing business, one place higher than neighbouring Hungary and one place lower than Italy.In January 2020, Romania's external debt was reported to be US$122 billion according to CEIC data.According to the Romania's National Institute of Statistics (INSSE), Romania's total road network was estimated in 2015 at 86,080 kilometres (53,488 mi).Romania is a net exporter of electrical energy and is 52nd worldwide in terms of consumption of electric energy.There were almost 18.3 million connections to the Internet in June 2014.Tourism is a significant contributor to the Romanian economy, generating around 5% of GDP.Rural tourism, focusing on folklore and traditions, has become an important alternative,In 2014, Romania had 32,500 companies active in the hotel and restaurant industry, with a total turnover of €2.6 billion.Historically, Romanian researchers and inventors have made notable contributions to several fields. More information about Romania is available on the Romania Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet.
The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, both elected by popular vote. According to the 2017 American Community Survey, 478,278 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry. Romania has no states. A The country applied in June 1993 for membership in the During the 2000s, Romania enjoyed one of the highest economic growth rates in Europe and has been referred at times as "the Tiger of Eastern Europe".Romania still faces problems related to infrastructure,Following the experience of economic instability throughout the 1990s, and the implementation of a free travel agreement with the EU, a great number of Romanians emigrated to Western Europe and North America, with particularly large communities in The terrain is distributed roughly equally between mountains, hills, and plains.